Development history of metal etching technology
Time:2020-02-29
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For many years, as a kind of precise and scientific chemical processing technology, metal etching has been widely used to corrode different kinds of pictures and shapes on different metal materials. In particular, aerospace, aerospace industry and high-tech electronic products are almost everywhere used in chemical etching technology. However, as a chemical cutting technology, its history can be traced back to a very long time. The early application of this processing method has not been seen in China, which may be due to the fact that ancient China did not pay attention to the exploration and recording of science and technology. The application of this method in the West has a long history. With regard to the early use of this technology, some Westerners think that in the first century A.D., someone is talking about the use of NaOH and Al2 (SO4) 3, which is obviously exaggerated here. It is meaningful to have two conditions for the application and development of metal corrosion, one is the popularization and application of metal, the other is the discovery of various corrosives. The discovery and application of metals have a longer history, and the development of China in this field has a longer history than other countries. These are the contributions of ancient alchemists. The metals that were widely used in the past are copper and alloy materials, followed by the discovery of iron. However, the discovery of aluminum is in the past few hundred years, so Westerners think that someone in the first century A.D. is talking about the use of NaOH and A12 (S04) 3, which has a false name.
The corrosion of metals is mainly developed from three aspects: ① the discovery of metals and the development of smelting technology; ② the discovery of various corrosives; ③ the discovery of anticorrosive materials. In today‘s life, corrosion can be seen everywhere, but in ancient times, it will not happen, because the world at that time was composed of wood, stone and soil. It was not until the ancients separated some metals from stones or earth that there was an additional material in our world - metal. With the discovery and application of metals, there will be objects of corrosion, but it is difficult to obtain a kind of metal processing surface in a short period of time with ordinary water, which requires a kind of material acid that can corrode metals. The early acids are organic acids, such as lactic acid from yoghurt, citric acid and acetic acid from lemon, etc., which have strong strength of acetic acid. It is very difficult to process metals by organic acids alone. Only when inorganic acids are found, can the technology of metal chemical corrosion process become possible. Obviously, the technology of metal chemical corrosion processing lags behind the discovery of inorganic acid, which may also be related to the development of effective anti-corrosion materials. In Europe, chemical etching became popular only in the 15th century, when it was mainly used for the processing of Kaya and the etching of artworks. The corrosive formula used in the early European records was made of salt, activated carbon and vinegar. The early anti-corrosion materials recorded that flax oil coating was used as the protective layer, and later some records also used paraffin as the anti-corrosion agent.
In ancient times, the application of chemical etching was accidental. In a certain time, someone accidentally splashed acid on the metal, and found that the metal was "bitten" by the acid to form a three-dimensional effect with the surrounding metal. It is certain that one of our ancestors must be a careful person, and this discovery has been recorded, so as to develop into the current etching process.
